Why Outsourcing Hurts United States Economy Essay

‘Is your job next?’ headline blared, followed by the disturbing preview of the article inside: â€Å"A new round of globalization is sending upscale jobs offshore. They include chip design engineering, basic research— even financial analysis. Can America lose these jobs and still prosper (R. Hira, 2008, p-1)?† The reaction of this news was swift and divided. Definitely large corporations that will be outsourcing will make huge profits in the long run but â€Å"what about the American citizens?† Jennifer, an American citizen, working for a big recruiter company, was sitting in her cubicle sorting out the resumes and suddenly manager calls in for meeting. She with her other colleagues went to the meeting room with a surprise. After discussing for a†¦show more content†¦The phenomenon has created major suffering for many American and as this outsourcing continues to spread, Americans will demand action (R. Hira 2008, p-95). The book also adds that scholars Ralph Goory and William Baumol have shown that even when the basic model of the economics are used trade does not make both the trading partners better off. The trading in one country will have a negative impact while trading in other country will have a positive impact. The country with negative impact will definitely affect its economy. United States economy being the world’s largest economy; historically, it has maintained a stable GDP growth, a low unemployment rate, a high level of research and capital i nvestment funded by both national, and because of increasing saving rates, increasingly by foreign investors. But offshore outsourcing has increased the unemployment rate dramatically in the decade. And so the economy worsened day by day. The truth is that many US companies lose the business as a result of offshore outsourcing. This has most affected the commercial real estate market. As the companies outsourced their work they no longer required employees and also the commercial building. Many commercial real estate industries think that the outsourced white collar jobs diminish the demand for the office space and many sites are sitting there as it is. For instance, one industryShow MoreRelatedOutsourcing Of The United States1355 Words   |  6 PagesInvestopedia, outsourcing is â€Å"a practice used by different companies to reduce costs by transferring portions of work to outside suppliers rather than completing it internally† (Investopedia, n.d). Companies use outsourci ng to reduce costs and improve productivity. In the 1970’s and 1980’s was when companies first began looking for alternatives to increase their profits and increase the production of their products (Narayanan, 2015). Products were becoming to expensive to make in the United States and otherRead MoreOutsourcing American Jobs Hurt U.s. Economy Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesOutsourcing American Jobs Hurt U.S. Economy The dawn of the outsourcing era. Many large U.S. corporations cultivates outsourcing faster than we can imagine. The trend that began in the late 1970 and picked up speed in the 1900s with the opening trade with China, India, and Eastern Europe (â€Å"Outsourcing: What’s the true Impact†). In its broadest sense, outsourcing is simply contracting out functions that had been done in-house—a longtime U.S. practice (â€Å"Globalization: Threat or Opportunity†). SubsequentlyRead MoreOutsourcing : Effect Of Outsourcing1631 Words   |  7 Pages OUTSOURCING : EFFECTS OF OUTSOURCING IN AMERICA DHANASHREE AROTE 83360 INDEX Serial No. Topic Page No. 1. Introduction 3 2. Benefits of Outsourcing 4. 3. Negative Effects 5 4. Managing Outsourcing 7 5. 6 Key Trends 8 6. Conclusion 8 7. References 9 INTRODUCTION In today’s global business competitive environment, business organizations must innovate and adapt new strategies to sustain revenue generation, value while remaining competitive. Organizations have embraced outsourcingRead MoreEffects of Outsourcing on Companies Employees and the Economy1634 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Outsourcing Timothy Nicotera University of New Hampshire Abstract This paper will look through the effects that outsourcing has on American business, the economy, and social issues now as well as into the future. Outsourcing is a growing trend among companies large and small as an attempt to gain a competitive advantage in both local and global markets. There are both positive and negative impacts of this way of doing business that need to be realized and accounted for in order forRead MoreThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing Essay1753 Words   |  8 PagesIn the past decade the topic of outsourcing has become a heavily debated subject on if it is ethically correct to outsourcing jobs to foreign countries. Outsourcing has become more and more an option for many companies and not just an economic fad. The decision to outsource is a difficult one for any company to make because there are many advantages and disadvantages to consider. The decision to outsource affects many people, communities, and industries so if a corporation decides t o outsource theyRead MoreEssay On Carbon Tax1128 Words   |  5 PagesQuebec. While British Columbia and Alberta have a carbon tax, Quebec uses a cap-and-trade system instead. The government believes it is important to avoid â€Å"economic damage caused by cross-country carbon price differentials.† (Maclean’s, 2016). That is why they are introducing a national tax on provinces and territories that don’t have a tax. British Columbia’s Liberal government party plans to freeze the carbon tax if re-elected. Furthermore, the plan is to have a $30 carbon tax rate for five years toRead MoreThe Economic Disparities Between The United States And Other Nations1033 Words   |  5 Pages The economic disparities between the United States and other nations are extensive. Outsourcing American jobs are still not enough for struggling nations, but why? The conditions in peripheral countries on things such as roads, vehicles used, and the homes broadcast are just a few of the images continuously televised on a nightly basis. With this in mind, what is it that makes our condition differ from the others? As a core nation, the United States appears to have the best of everything whileRead MoreAssignment1318 Words   |  6 Pagesexpansive country to the forefront of international trade. Currently the world’s fastest growing major economy, China is set to eclipse the United States as the world’s largest economy by 2016. Among various domestic and international plays, one of China’s most fascinating uses of its newfound economic might is a considerable interest—and investment—in the continent of Africa. As its economy grew throughout the 2000s, China began establishing oil and mining firms across Africa. In return forRead MoreBussiness Qa Essay1476 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunity? 2. Why do companies tend to thrive in global markets when their country of origin enjoys a comparative advantage in their industry? 3. Explain how to calculate the balance of trade. How does the growing United States trade deficit impact the economy? Why? 4. Explain the meaning of â€Å"strong† currency and â€Å"weak† currency. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? 5. Why is outsourcing such an attractive way for firmsRead MoreChanging Economic Structure Of The United States Economy2127 Words   |  9 PagesEconomic Structure Harmful to U.S. Economy By: Samuel Winegar Submitted to: Dr. S. Ray Barnes 05/05/2015 Thesis Unemployment has been on the rise in the United States in recent years. One of the large contributing factors of this is the change in the structure of the country’s economy. Many jobs, particularly manufacturing and industrial type jobs are being outsourced to other countries. An increase in unemployment due to a change in the economy is structural unemployment. This paper

Puritanism Vs Deism - 1489 Words

In the mid to late 17th century, New England settlers were attempting to break away from Britain and begin a new society. They wanted to reinvent their own culture, govern themselves, and begin what they hoped would one day become a prosperous nation. One thing they wanted to have the liberty of practicing was religion, and having the choice of which particular religions they wished to follow. Puritanism and Deism were two different religions that were practiced in 17th century New England, and the differences between them sometimes were grounds for confrontations and conflict. The Puritan standpoint depicted in the works of John Winthrop, Michael Wigglesworth, John Dane, and Mary Rowlandson, and the Deist views of Benjamin Franklin†¦show more content†¦This statement shows Franklin s view of our Creator, which is the belief that no evil existed in the world, so humans were not created with the notion that they are unworthy and undeserving of God s grace. Franklin goes on to say, And therefore every Creature must be equally esteem d by the Creator (Franklin, 27). According to Deists, their God was not a biased God, and every human was created equal, with no one having a better chance to make it to heaven than others. The Puritan and Deist views on afterlife are also an area where these two religions are not in sync with one another. Puritans believed in the concept of predestination, meaning that it was determined whether one was going to spend afterlife in heaven or hell at the time of their creation. In Day of Doom, Michael Wigglesworth, a minister in Massachusetts during the 17th century, explains how there will come a day when Christ returns to earth to judge who will be destined for heaven or doomed to hell. He writes that Christ explains to those who are being sent to hell deserve their eternal punishment, despite the fact that it was a foregone conclusion due to the fact that it had been predetermined. He also explains that in order to accept the offer of God s salvation, one must be able to comprehend the meaning of such an offer. This puts certain members of society at an obvious advantage over others. For example, a middle-aged white male who has had some degree of education would surel y

nvq level 3 - 1083 Words

afe ire S guard h rs dults Boar d gA in Glouce uth ste o S Easy read South Gloucestershire Safeguarding Adults Board Winterbourne View Hospital A Serious Case Review By Margaret Flynn The Winterbourne View Hospital Serious Case Review What happened? Winterbourne View was a hospital in South Gloucestershire for people with learning disabilities and autism whose behaviour sometimes made their families and professionals worry. It was meant to help by assessing and treating patients so that they could have ordinary lives in their own homes. 24 Winterbourne View Hospital was owned by a company called Castlebeck. The NHS paid Castlebeck a lot of money to look after people there. It had 24†¦show more content†¦? They should have asked more questions when patients and staff reported problems at Winterbourne View Hospital. Page 4 e Safeguar hir d rs dults Boar d gA in Glouce uth ste So The NHS organisations that put people in Winterbourne View Hospital, the council’s safeguarding staff, the police and the Care Quality Commission should have talked to each other about the problems at Winterbourne View Hospital. It might have helped them to spot there was a big problem sooner. What should be done now? The Safeguarding Adults Board asked Margaret Flynn to say what should be done to make sure that patients aren’t hurt like this again. She said that the best place to care for people with learning disabilities and autism is in their homes and communities where they are known. When people go into hospitals for assessment and treatment, there are risks: they may get hurt, they may be there for a long time and they may lose touch with people who matter to them. There should be better ways of checking hospitals for adults with learning disabilities and autism to make sure that patients are safe. Page 5 Staff should always listen to patients, even those who may be difficult to understand. The patients who tried to run away were very good communicators. Patients who have been hurt should always be given the option of talking to somebody who does not work at the hospital. When a patient isShow MoreRelatedNvq Level 31411 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstand That Individuals with Dementia May Communicate In Different Ways CT244.1 1.1 Explain how individuals with dementia may communicate through their behaviour: Individuals with dementia find it difficult to understand words and meanings and forget what is being said even while we are speaking. Communication is more difficult if they are tired or upset. You may find they repeat questions frequently as they cannot remember asking them. When talking to an individual who has anyRead MoreNvq Level 36184 Words   |  25 PagesFLORENCE SMYTH 09TH MARCH 2015 HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE LEVEL THREE. Unit 3 ENABLE RIGHTS AND CHOICES OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DEMENTIA WHILST MINIMISING RISKS 1. UNDERSTAND KEY LEGISLATION AND AGREED WAYS OF WORKING THAT SUPPORT THE FULFILMENT OF RIGHTS AND CHOICES AND THE MINIMISING OF RISK OF HARM FOR AN INVIVIDUAL WITH DEMENTIA. 1.1 EXPLAIN THE IMPACT OF KEY LEGISLATION THAT RELATES TO FULFILMENT OF RIGHTS AND CHOICES AND THE MINIMISING OF RISK OF HARM FOR AN INDIVIDUAL WITH DEMENTIARead MoreNvq Level 3 in Management2786 Words   |  12 PagesNVQ IN Management Level 3 UNIT B6 Provide Leadership in Your Area of Responsibility Leadership is about helping people, empowering people, setting clear goals and motivation, while operating to accomplish the mission and improving the organisation. The Council operates as one organisation working towards a common aim: â€Å"This Council will provide services that are amongst the best in the UK and will lead to the achievement of the Vision for Swansea† Consequently the corporate plan focusesRead Morenvq level 3 3021444 Words   |  6 Pagesthis is the most valuable piece of information with the service users needs, wishes and preferences. Biv- Define what is meant by the term â€Å"active participation†. 1. Promoting there independence 2. Enjoy day to day life without any struggle 3. To help the service user with whatever they ask as you are the only help they may have. Bv- Give two examples of active participation, explaining how the individual using the service may benefit from being fully involved. Getting themRead MoreNvq Level 3 Essay7341 Words   |  30 Pagesconfidential unless a disclosure of abuse occurs which it will have to be reported to the appropriate person, i.e. line managers in order for a thorough investigation to take place. Communication between colleagues is important in order to ensure a high level of care is given and the needs of the individuals within your care are met. It is therefore essential that information is passed on and written clearly. All records must be up to date. Communicating with service users is also very important as it allowsRead MoreEssay on Nvq Level 31694 Words   |  7 Pagesrisk factors will include features that are physical or social, such as: * Uncomfortable levels of stimulation (eg too busy, boring) * Institutional-style setting (eg block treatment, rigid routines) * Poor service organisation (eg. inexperienced carers) * Inappropriate social environment (eg overly restrictive, limited choice) * Environmental pollutants (eg. temperature, noise levels) 3.2 Explain how slow and fast triggers contribute to challenging behaviour Triggers areRead MoreNvq Level 3 Essay779 Words   |  4 PagesInforming employers of personal difficulties If we follow these codes of practice, then my role as a health and social care worker will be greatly improved, and the way in which I support my service users will ensure that their rights and their support levels are met. 3.3 Describe how to challenge discrimination in a way that promotes change If I was to witness discrimination whether it is sexual, racial or any other form of discrimination, I would challenge it immediately, I could do this by firstlyRead MoreNvq Level 3 Abuse1767 Words   |  8 Pagesof care.   This can be the product of both ineffective and/or punitive management styles, creating an environment within which abuse can take place, intentional or otherwise.  Ã‚   It could include situations where there are significant numbers of low level, or other, concerns affecting more than one adult and concerns that the systems, processes and / or management of these may be failing to safeguard a number of adults leaving them at risk of harm or significant harm. Being made to follow what individualsRead MoreEssay about Nvq Level 31581 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstand how procedures and risk assessment can help minimise the risk of an outbreak of infection. Learners will also gain an understanding of how to use PPE correctly and gain an understanding of the impor tance of good personal hygiene. Credit Level 3 2 Assessment criteria The learner can: 1.1 Explain employees’ roles and responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection 1.2 Explain employers’ responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control infection 2 UnderstandRead MoreNVQ level 3 unit 681117 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ 68.1 Understanding the principles of person centred assessment and care planning. 1.1 Explain the importance of a holistic approach and planning of care or support. One of the essential aspects of planning care services is to have a holistic approach to planning and provision. This means recognising that all parts of person life will have an impact on their care needs and that you need to look beyond what you see when you meet them for the first time. The idea of person centred

Advance Business Planning

Questions: 1. Describe the difference between the market analysis section and the marketing plan section of a business plan. Why is it important for the marketing plan to be developed with the customer plainly in mind? Describe the difference between cost-based pricing and value-based pricing. 2. Why is it important to include an operations plan in a business plan? What is an operations flow diagram, and why is it important? Answers: 1. The market analysis section of a business plan is a short introduction listing factors of a marketplace in brief. This includes potential customers, demographics or sales trends that influence the market, price range, competitors, and technology to be applied (Barringer, 2015). On the other hand, the marketing plan section of a business is the blueprint or a comprehensive document that outlines the marketing and advertising strategies for the upcoming year. It involves the activities that are required to accomplish the objectives within a particular time frame. A marketing plan must comprise sales strategies, promotion, advertising, and pricing. It involves a description of the marketing mix (Barringer, 2015). It is of utmost importance that the customers are kept in mind while developing a marketing plan as the customers are at the receiving end. The marketing plan must be such that the customers are satisfied. This would attract new clients, and the business would flourish. Cost-based pricing is the method to calculate the price of a product. Cost based pricing utilizes production and manufacturing costs to determine the price of a product. Cost-based pricing is of two types namely full cost pricing and direct cost pricing. Through a full calculation, the company determines the floor and ceiling price (Barringer, 2012). However, the company must price the product between the ceiling and the floor. Value based pricing, on the other hand, is opposed to the manufacturing cost of a product. The value of a service or product is considered in the case of value-based pricing. To calculate the value of a product, the company analyzes the value or money a product would generate in the hands of the consumer when it is marketed. While value-based pricing focuses on customers, cost-based pricing lays its emphasis on the situation of a company to determine its price. 2. An operation plan is a crucial tool for an efficient business plan. It is a written document describing the business, sales, and marketing strategy. An operation plan is used for individual as well as total operating units. It helps to understand the goals of the company and provides direction to the employees and managers both vertically and horizontally. Also, it provides the goals, vision, mission, and directions of an organization. An operation plan describes the structure of a company and also the processes that would be carried out in the future. It addresses operational issues and strengthens team building. Mostly, it is a kind of orienteering map (Ruggieri et al., 2014) Often considered a counterpart of a flowchart, an operation flow diagram shows the relationship between primary components of a system. As the term suggests, an operation flow chart gives a visual presentation of the steps required to form an efficient operation plan. It involves providing information such as functions, steps involved in a process, and events. It means laying down step by step procedures and processes and provides information to the audience (Ruggieri et al., 2014). Flow diagrams provide a clear understanding of a process and facilitate communication and teamwork. Flow charts are used to identify the weaknesses within an organization, highlight them, and work on improving those weaknesses. References Barringer, B. (2012).Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New Ventures, (2012). Barringer, B. (2015). Preparing effective business plans (2nd ed.). Boston: Pearson. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Ruggieri, A., Silvestri, C., Piccarozzi, M. (2014). Consumerism, Market Analysis and Impact on Business Plan Definition.Marketing and Consumer Behavior: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, 228.

Role of Cfo free essay sample

Past Role of CUFF The past role of Chief Financial Officer(CUFF) revolved around the following key core areas 0 Performing the role of the operating manager of finance function, controlling compliance and statutory reporting in publicly traded companies. 0 Counseling role or Advisory role and help in bringing about orderly and control centric growth in companies. 0 Performing the treasury duties which involve decision making on how to invest the companys money, taking into consideration risk and liquidity. Deciding the Capital Structure of the company. The CUFF should determine the best ix of debt, equity and internal financing in the company. Present Role of CUFF Currently the Indian economy is in a crisis situation with increasing Current Account Deficit (CAD) and huge fall in the rupee. The situation is getting worse with the possibility of US Attack on Syria. The GAP growth of India is at the sub 5% level and WHIP inflation has rose above 6%. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Cfo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The role of CUFF becomes even more important in the current situation with the rupee depreciating against the dollar and negatively impacting the balance sheet of most of the Indian companies except those firms which are export oriented and IT Firms. Scoffs in the present day organizations are largely restricted to the responsibilities of providing the top management with financial data gathered from both outside and within the organizations. The finance department acts as a medium through which business plans are prepared based on financial projections. In regard to India, a CUFF today is concerned with the following issues 0 A major chunk of the Indian Coffs believe that revenue growth/preservation, cost reduction and maintenance of talent pool are the major organizational challenges. Presently, Indian Scoffs have limited participation in the strategic role. 0 Most of Indian Scoffs are not involved in sustainability strategy and governance. Sustainability functions include internal controls, compliance with tax regulations, performance measurement and reporting of financial and non financial indicators. CUFF needs to ensure and monitor that business operations take place efficiently, loss making products or activities are terminated and cost saving measures are being executed adequately. 0 Scoffs consider scalability and valuation as biggest drivers of Mergers and Acquisitions activity in the industry. Though the Indian economy is down at the moment, Scoffs expect that companies with good fundamentals and good valuation will be prospective targets for acquisition. Most Indian Scoffs are currently not considering outsourcing their business process except for multinational companies which do so due to compulsion because of global contracts entered into by their parent companies. 0 Currently Scoffs dont depend on proactive data mining and data analysis tools for their risk management system. It is imperative that the Scoffs adopt these tools in order to reduce the occurrence of fraudulent activities. 0 Cost of credit is worrisome for Scoffs in the Financial Services Industry with the government tightening liquidity in the system and increasing MS in order to prevent the depreciation of the rupee. Future Role of CUFF The Global Financial Crisis in 2008 has put the spotlight on Indian Scoffs more than ever before. The Corporate Governance responsibility of CUFF has increased, the CUFF became more involved in operational and strategic decisions to the company, management and assumed the role of CEO designate. CEO also assumed the role of instilling sense of confidence among the stakeholders namely employees, customers, partners and suppliers. 0 Alongside the traditional mandate to provide financial insights and analysis, Scoffs must describe a greater involvement in supporting and developing strategy and guiding key business initiatives. CUFF of Oxide Industries , A. K. Musketeer , had to cut down on replacement for automotive batteries due to under capacity. In 2011 A. K. Musketeer expanded the capacity which not only helped Oxide to tide over demand but also achieve greater market share. Under his purview, Oxide tied up with Us-based East Penn Manufacturing Co. And Japans Shin-Kobo Electric Machinery Company to improve processes, designs, and quality control. Scoffs must be versatile individuals with the talent to meet a continually changing set of circumstances. The CUFF of L Y. M. Detestable was instrumental in setting up L finance Limited which is a wholly owned subsidiary of L. Y. M. Detestable hedged foreign currency loans well in time, which would otherwise have meant provisioning RSI. 00 core when there was depreciation in rupee. He was an advocate of not only churning out profits but also managing risk effectively and protecting the margins of the company. Scoffs must still attend closely to cash flows, controls, costs and risk. Also, they should continue to seek profitable growth irrespective of the state of the economy-whether it be boom, recession or depression. Mr. Oshkosh Chatterer,CUFF of Data Steel, is an advocate of raising capital ahead of requirement and managing crisis through management of liquidity. Coffs should leverage the advancements in genealogy for taking decisions. CUFF has to use decision support systems available in the field of finance for making key decisions. Let CUFF Rajah Tendon used technology to track availability of rooms at all its properties across the country. This helped Rajah Tendon in better management of the rooms and led to revenue minimization. Rajah Tendon also used technology to reorganize the logistics network such that redistribution between warehouses was minimized. CUFF should take ownership and actively manage the financial drivers of value. Example: For a technology many, value drivers are completing a product development project by creating new technology or establishing partnership with a technical university. If the product development project has a long term benefit but a short term financial cost then the CUFF should give priority to the drivers of value and act in the long term interest of the company rather than short term gain. 0 CUFF is responsible not only for the past and present financial situation but is also an integral part of a companys financial future. A CUFF must be able to identify and report what areas of a company are most efficient and how the company can capitalize on this information. For Example, the CUFF of a company like MicroVAX in India should be able to pinpoint which mobile models are making the most revenue and how this information can be used to improve the company in the future. 0 CUFF should be ethical in his behavior. It is the lack of ethics that has led to major failures like Astray and Enron in the past. Scoffs should drive Corporate Social Responsibility (CARS) activities in the organization and be truly responsible to the society. The Companies Bill, 2012, mandated a 2 percent spend on CARS activities. This has to be viewed by Scoffs as an opportunity to give back to the society and gain the confidence of the public. This would also build goodwill and trust to the company among the public. Conclusion A great CUFF differs from a good CUFF by the way he is able to project the long term financial picture of the company and by the efficacy of his analysis. The CUFF is the right hand of the CEO, the co-pilot who navigates the company through the storm and manages the short term performance measures and enables long term value reaction. The traits which separate a successful CEO from an ordinary CEO are the following-professional focus both including internal focus on operations and external focus on strategy, previous expertise across multiple roles in the finance function, knowledge of various business areas and global experience. In addition to performing financial roles in an exemplary manner, CEO has to do well on the non financial roles also in an exemplary manner in order to be effective and should have good communication skills and knowledge across various business domains.

Moving from SMD (Single Member District) System to PR (Proportional Representation) System

Moving from SMD (Single Member District) System to PR (Proportional Representation) System As political disillusionment intensifies in America, Diamond and Plattner (2006) show that parties and candidates are becoming more cynical thus culminating into low voter turnout. Several proposals have been brought forth to revolutionize the American electoral system among them the campaign finance reform.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Moving from SMD (Single Member District) System to PR (Proportional Representation) System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the attention given to the most recent reform (PR system) has made more people to consider replacing the current SMD (winner-takes-it-all) system with the PR system. United States is a democratic and a multi-party state. Therefore, an effective electoral system should cater for the interests of the parties present and the people without compromising on democracy. What impact is the change likely to have on (a) party-system and (b) democracy in U.S.? T hese are the most fundamental questions that people should seek to answer before replacing the SMD system. It is important that we understand the party-system and the democratic deficiencies present in SMD so that we can decide whether PR will be a practical option. The SMD system discriminates against third parties, does not represent all voters, discourages people from voting and enacts laws that do not correspond with the public views. These problems reveal a fundamental flaw in the electoral system; the only persons represented are those who elect the winning candidate. The rest, about 49% in every district never get any representation as the election system shuts out the minorities from participating in elections. What happens is that a Republican who is in a Democrats dominated district votes but his/her votes go to waste because the Republican candidate never wins. Due to lack of minorities’ representation in the electoral system, Shively (2011) asserts that there is h eightened lack of democracy in the electoral system. This explains why there is distorted representation in the state, local legislatures and Congress. The SMD system also shows evidence of unequal representation of political parties. Parties end up getting more or less, than what they deserve. For instance, the House of Representative Elections (1994) saw the Democrats in Washington get 22% of the seats despite winning with over 50% votes.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As put across by Diamond and Plattner (2006), PR systems make use of multi-member districts and uses larger districts to elect the members required as an alternative to voting a single member in every small district. In addition, the number of candidates who win seats in the multi-member districts is dependent on the votes each party gets. For instance, in a PR district consisting of 20 members, if the Democratic Party gets 50%, the Democratic candidates get ten seats. If the Republican Party gets 30%, the party’s candidates secure six seats and if there is a third party with 20%, four seats are reserved for its candidates. A PR system would make sure that all people and parties get a fair and just representation. This is because under PR, there is representation of all significant groups including the political minorities who might only garner 10 or 20 % of the votes. The PR system ensures that the legislature reflects the parties’ voting strengths. For instance, a party with 40% of the votes gets 40% of the seats. Presently, the party-system reflects the unfairness of SDM. The Republican Party and Democratic Party, which are the winning parties, dominate the electoral system thus limiting other parties from winning. The PR system will offer diversity and make sure that emerging third parties such as the Liberation party, the New Party and the Greens get realis tic chances to challenge the two major parties. Such parties will only need 10% of the votes to elect a candidate hence guaranteeing the viability of the minor parties. Shively (2011) notes that this would lead to a healthy multi-party state where there is fair and free representation and competition among political parties. This would also guarantee that there are varied choices during elections. Each person can find a party or candidate that he/she can enthusiastically support. As a result, the public would exercise its voting rights in a democratic manner and with the assurance that their votes are not wasted; there is a guarantee that a 10% vote would see a candidate who can represent their views/needs in parliament. For this reason, voter turnout would be high meaning that the multi-party system formed would be heterogeneous. Thus, varied political perspectives present in the electorate would guarantee that there is a wide-ranging political debate that would uphold democracy, l ead to new ideas and sound decision-making.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Moving from SMD (Single Member District) System to PR (Proportional Representation) System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To maintain or uphold democracy, Shively (2011) emphasizes that the government should allow all people to participate equally in every decision that affects them. The PR system will enhance democracy by giving the party-system a complete overhaul whereby the dominance of the winning parties will be eradicated and equal representation of all political parties, including the minor ones guaranteed. The PR system will also ensure that the electoral system upholds democratic rights, including voting rights and political representation rights of all citizens. Simply stated, PR system will cater for the party-system and democratic deficiencies in the SMD system without compromising on the role of the electoral system. Diamond , Larry Jay., and Marc F. Plattner. Electoral Systems and Democracy. Baltimore, MD: JHU Press, 2006. Print. Shively, W. Phillips. Power and Choice: An Introduction to Political Science. 12th  Edition. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Print.

Current Event Review 2 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Current Event Review 2 - Article Example In my opinion, the fears of parents are valid to a good extent because a large number of children throughout the world are using social networks, and consequently, revealing a great deal of personal information on these websites as well. Most of these children are not conscious of the intricate online privacy settings which are designed in a way to gain as much personal information as possible. Besides, I believe the uneasiness of the parents associated with advertising is justifiable too, as advertisers on social networks often use personal information of the individuals to market products which are close to their liking. These tactics employed by the social networks breach the fundamental concepts of Business Ethics, in terms of use of information, security and advertising. However, the negative impact of such measures is also being felt by the businesses themselves as their reputation faces a serious challenge from not only parents but also groups like Common Sense Media, which ar e launching campaigns for legislation in this regard. The article explains an important issue which is of significance and concern for parents as well as business groups. Proper legislations and measures should be taken for the protection of privacy of people as well as for maintaining the policies of business ethics for maintaining the integrity and credibility of businesses. Ingram, M. (2010, October 10). â€Å"Parents Say Social Networks Dont Protect Childrens Privacy.† Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved from: